Ab-Solved

But aren't lipolysis and increased fat oxidation synonymous?

Not so much. They are mildly connected as B1/2-AR activation of sketal muscle does enhance AMPK activation and increases CPT though its only mild compared to PPAR-alpha induced increases. the AR system is more for trafficing than usage. In other words it gets stuff where it needs to go but it dosent so much tell the cell what to do with once its there. Hence the AR system being a nutrient partitioning pathway.

For example B-AR stimulation of adipose upregulates HSL which frees FFA in to the blood stream. At the same time is dramatically boosts FAT(CD/36) in skeletal muscle. So it moves fat from adipose to muscle where it can be used. But it dosent necesarily get used. Oxidation is mostly under the control of PPAR-alpha and mitochondrial density more than anything else.

Many of my female clients need to know something about ab solved. If they were to apply say only to the midsection and nowhere else, to what degree or percentage of the product would only affect the midsection. I have many female clients who do not want or in some cases need to lose bodyfat anywhere else other than their midsection this is why they are so curious about this and so am I. Thanks

I think most females would benifit more from Lipo, even in midsection.

Exceptions would be those with male pattern fat distribution or those highly stressed.

Now in the very lean exercise trained type you have a different set of problems. These folks like you and me have no problem oxidizing fat. However riding our selves of that last little bit is increasingly difficult because of reduced lipolysis. So heavy short cyclic usage would seem to be the best as that is the usage pattern that would promote lipolysis the most[/QUOTE

Tailoring the usage of E to a persons degree of leanness makes a whole lot of sense. I've always been one to only recommmend E usage for those last few pounds as I've always felt if used to soon it slows metablism or causes negative metabolic changes. You do an excellent job in the Leptin series in outlining exactly why. My question is if E is used in the very lean type wouldn't these people be even more prone to the negative changes in the PVN which lead to increased CRF? Also, what could be done or used to offset these changes.

Spook will asnwer this better than I, but I think the reasoning for effectivness in lean people is that it will mimic higher leptin levels, in regard to SNS activity, which would be rock-bottom, in the very lean -- and, short-term, this would outweigh the negative effects in the hypothalamus.

Posted by: @->QUOTEMy question is if E is used in the very lean type wouldn't these people be even more prone to the negative changes in the PVN which lead to increased CRF?

Brain Res. 2003 Feb 21;964(1):128-35.  Related Articles, Links 

 
Diabetes-induced neuroendocrine changes in rats: role of brain monoamines, insulin and leptin.

Barber M, Kasturi BS, Austin ME, Patel KP, MohanKumar SM, MohanKumar PS.

Neuroendocrine Research Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.

Diabetes is characterized by hyperphagia, polydypsia and activation of the HPA axis. However, the mechanisms by which diabetes produces these effects are not clear. This study was conducted to examine the effects of diabetes on the neuroendocrine system and to see if treatment with insulin and/or leptin is capable of reversing these effects. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic adult male rats were subjected to the following treatments: vehicle, insulin (2 U/day, s.c.), leptin (100 microg/kg BW) or leptin

Neuroendocrinology. 1998 Jul;68(1):1-10.  Related Articles, Links 

 
Bromocriptine reduces obesity, glucose intolerance and extracellular monoamine metabolite levels in the ventromedial hypothalamus of Syrian hamsters.

Luo S, Meier AH, Cincotta AH.

Ergo Science Corporation, Charlestown, Mass 02129, USA. [email protected]

We examined whether reductions in body fat stores and insulin resistance in Syrian hamsters induced by bromocriptine are associated with reductions in daily norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin activities as indicated by their extracellular metabolite levels in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH). High levels of these monoamines within the VMH have been suspected to induce obesity and insulin resistance. Microdialysate samples from the VMH of freely moving obese male hamsters (BW: 208 +/- 5 g) were collected hourly over a 25-hour period before bromocriptine treatment, during the first day of and after 2 weeks of bromocriptine treatment (800 microg/animal daily, i.p.), and body composition and glucose tolerance analyses were conducted before and after 2 weeks of treatments. The microdialysate samples were analyzed by HPLC for metabolites of serotonin: 5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), NE: 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol (MHPG), and dopamine: homovanillic acid (HVA). Bromocriptine treatment for 14 days significantly reduced body fat by 60% and areas under the glucose and insulin curves during a glucose tolerance test by 50 and 46%, respectively. Concurrently, extracellular VMH contents of 5-HIAA, MHPG, and HVA were reduced by 50, 29 and 66%, respectively (p < 0.05). Similarly, VMH 5-HIAA and MHPG contents were 48 and 44% less, respectively (p < 0.05), in naturally glucose-tolerant hamsters compared with naturally glucose-intolerant hamsters. Bromocriptine induced reductions of body fat, and improvements in glucose intolerance may result in part from its ability to decrease serotonin and NE activities in the VMH.
PMID: 9695933 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Also as I said in my leptin articles most of the NE feedback in the PVN is regulated by alpha not beta receptors so yohimbine might be effective at reducing this response as well.

Also there is one more thing I can think of that will help but I can't talk about it right now. You will jsut have to wait for the product write up on my new fat burner.

Thanks Spook,

I look forward to hearing all about your new fat-burning product. Do you think it's possible Vitex might serve as a poor man's Bromo?

No I don't think its strong enough to be comperable.

However a stack of nicotine, vitex, and D/L-PA might be just what your looking for.